## 1 \u57fa\u7840
\n### 1.1 \u57fa\u672c\u6307\u4ee4
\n##### mov dest, src<\/p>\n
“`
\nmov eax, 3
\nmov bx, ax
\n“`<\/p>\n
##### add dest, src<\/p>\n
“`
\nadd eax, 4
\nadd al, ah
\n“`<\/p>\n
##### sub dest, src<\/p>\n
“`
\nsub bx, 10
\nsub ebx, edi
\n“`<\/p>\n
##### inc \u548c dec \u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n
“`
\ninc ecx ; ecx++
\ndec dl ; dl–
\n“`<\/p>\n
### 1.2 \u6307\u793a\u7b26
\n* \u6307\u793a\/\u63d0\u793a \u7a0b\u5e8f\u505a\u5565
\n* \u5b9a\u4e49 \u5e38\u91cf\/\u53d8\u91cf
\n* \u5c06\u5185\u5b58\u7ec4\u5408\u6210\u6bb5
\n* \u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5305\u542b\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\uff08ifdef\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684
\n* \u5305\u542b\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n
##### equ
\n* symbol equ value
\n* \u4e0d\u53ef\u518d\u6b21\u5b9a\u4e49symbol\u7684value<\/p>\n
##### %define\u6307\u793a\u7b26
\n* \u53ef\u518d\u6b21\u5b9a\u4e49
\n* \u53ef\u5b9a\u4e49\u6bd4\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5e38\u91cf\u6570\u503c\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u503c
\n“`
\n%define SIZE 100
\n“`<\/p>\n
##### \u6570\u636e\u6307\u793a\u7b26
\n* \u5b9a\u4e49\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4
\n* resx \u5b9a\u4e49\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4
\n* dx \u5b9a\u4e49\u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4
\n* \u8fde\u7eed\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6570\u636e\u50a8\u5b58\u5728\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d
\n* x\u53ef\u53d6\u503c<\/p>\n
| \u5355\u4f4d | \u5b57\u6bcd | \u89e3\u91ca |
\n| — | — | — |
\n| \u5b57\u8282 | B | \u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282, 8\u4f4d |
\n| \u5b57 | W | \u4e24\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282, 16\u4f4d\uff0c-32768~32767 |
\n| \u53cc\u5b57 | D | \u56db\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u3002 32\u4f4d\uff0c-20\u4ebf~20\u4ebf,dd\u5b9a\u4e49\u6574\u5f62\u548c c\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u5355\u7cbe\u5ea6 |
\n| \u56db\u5b57 | Q | \u516b\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u3002 64\u4f4d\uff0cdq\u53ea\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49c\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u53cc\u7cbe\u5ea6 |
\n| \u5341\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282 | T |<\/p>\n
“`
\nL1 db 0
\nL2 dw 1000
\nL3 db 110101b ; \u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u503c
\nL4 db 12h ; 16\u8fdb\u5236\u503c
\nL5 db 17o ; 8\u8fdb\u5236\u503c
\nL6 dd 1A92h ; 16\u8fdb\u5236\u503c
\nL7 resb 1 ; 1\u4e2a\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5b57\u8282
\nL8 db “A” ; ASCII\u503cA(65)\uff0c \u5355\u53cc\u5f15\u53f7\u540c\u7b49
\nL9 db 0, 1, 2, 3 ; \u5b9a\u4e49\u56db\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282
\nL10 db “w”, “o”, “r”, ‘d’, 0; \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a”word”\u7684c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32
\nL11 db ‘word’, 0 ; \u7b49\u540c\u4e8eL10
\n“`<\/p>\n
##### times\u6307\u793a\u7b26<\/p>\n
“`
\nL12 times 100 db 0 ; \u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e100\u4e2a\u503c\u4e3a0\u7684\u5b57\u8282
\nL13 resw 100 ; \u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e3a100\u4e2a\u5b57
\n“`<\/p>\n
##### []
\n* [var_name] \u8868\u793a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u503c
\n* var_name \u8868\u793a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n
“`
\nmov al, [L1] ;
\nmov eax, L1 ;
\nmov [L1], ah
\nmov eax, [L6]
\nadd eax, [L6]
\nadd [L6], eax
\nmov al, [L6]<\/p>\n
; byte word dword qword tword
\nmov dword [L6], 1 ; \u50a8\u5b581\u5230L6\u4e2d
\n“`<\/p>\n
##### %include \u9884\u5904\u7406\u6307\u793a\u7b26
\n“`
\n%include “asm_io.inc”
\n“`
\n##### call
\n* \u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u6bb5\u53bb\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7b49\u5f85\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u53c8\u56de\u5230\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u5730\u65b9
\n* asm_io.inc\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n
| \u51fd\u6570\u540d | \u4f5c\u7528 |
\n| — | — |
\n| print_int | eax\u91cc\u7684\u6574\u578b\u503c |
\n| print_char | al\u91cc\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u7684ascii\u5f62\u5f0f |
\n| print_string | eax\u91cc\u7684\u5730\u5740\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u6b64\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4e3ac\u7c7b\u578b<=>\u4ee5null\u7ed3\u675f\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32 |
\n| print_nl | \u6362\u884c |
\n| read_int | \u8bfb\u5165\u6574\u5f62\u5230eax |
\n| read_char | \u8bfb\u5165\u5355\u4e2a\u5b57\u7b26\u4ee5ascii\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u50a8\u5230eax\u91cc |<\/p>\n
* asm_io.inc \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7528\u4e8e\u8c03\u8bd5\u7684\u5b8f<\/p>\n
\t* dump_regs
\n\t\t* \u6253\u5370\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u503c <\/p>\n
\t“`
\n dump_regs 1 ; \u8fd9\u4e2a\u6574\u6570\u662f\u7528\u6765\u6807\u5fd7\u8fd9\u6b21\u8f93\u51fa\u7684
\n “`
\n\t* dump_mem
\n\t\t* ascii\u5b57\u7b26\u578b\u5f62\u5f0f\u663e\u793a\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
“`
\n ; \u8fd9\u4e2a2\u7c7b\u4f3cdump_regs\u91cc\u90a3\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u3002outmsg1\u8868\u793a\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u30021\u8868\u793a\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u5f00\u59cb\u540e\u76841×16\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282
\n dump_mem 2, outmsg1, 1
\n “`<\/p>\n
* dump_stack<\/p>\n
\t\t* \u663e\u793aCPU\u5806\u6808\u7684\u503c\u3002
\n \t\t\t* \u8fd9\u4e2a\u5806\u6808\u7531\u53cc\u5b57\u7ec4\u6210
\n \t\t* dump_stack \u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u6574\u6570, ebp\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u91cc\u7684\u5730\u5740\u4e0b\u9762\u9700\u8981\u663e\u793a\u7684\u53cc\u5b57\u7684\u6570\u76ee, ebp\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u91cc\u7684\u5730\u5740\u4e0a\u9762\u9700\u8981\u663e\u793a\u7684\u6570\u76ee<\/p>\n
\t* dump_math
\n\t\t* \u663e\u793a\u6570\u5b57\u534f\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u7684\u503c
\n\t\t* dump_math \u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u8bc6\u7684\u6574\u6570 <\/p>\n
### 1.3 \u6a21\u677f\u6587\u4ef6
\n“`
\n; linux\u6a21\u677f\u6587\u4ef6
\n%include “asm_io.inc”<\/p>\n
; \u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bb5\u5b9a\u4e49\u6709\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5e38\u91cf
\nsegment .data<\/p>\n
; \u8fd9\u4e2a\u6bb5\u5b9a\u4e49\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5982\u53d8\u91cf
\nsegment .bss<\/p>\n
segment .text
\n global asm_main
\nasm_main:
\n enter 0, 0 ; \u5f00\u59cb\u8fd0\u884c
\n pusha<\/p>\n
; \u8fd9\u91cc\u653e\u4ee3\u7801;\u52ff\u6539\u524d\u540e<\/p>\n
popa
\n mov eax, 0
\n leave
\n ret
\n“`<\/p>\n
### 1.4 32\u4f4d\u4e0b\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4eec<\/p>\n
* \u89c8<\/p>\n
| \u7c7b | \u540d | \u91ca |
\n| — | — | — |
\n| \u6570\u636e\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 | eax, ebx, ecx, edx | \u4f4e16\u4f4d\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668ax, bx, cx, dx\u4e0d\u53ef\u5b58\u5730\u5740\uff0c \u800c32\u4f4d\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u5730\u5740 |
\n| \u53d8\u5740\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 | esi, edi | \u4f4e16\u4f4d\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668si, di\u3002\u53d8\u5740\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668(index register)\u3002 |
\n| \u6307\u9488\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 | ebp, esp | \u4f4e16\u4f4d\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668bp, sp\u3002 Pointer register |
\n| \u6bb5\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 | cs,ds,es,ss,fs,gs | \u5b9e\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff1acs(code segment register)-> \u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u6bb5\u503c, ds(data)->\u6570\u636e\u6bb5, es(extra)->\u9644\u52a0\u6570\u636e\u6bb5, ss(stack)->\u5806\u6808\u6bb5\u6bb5\u503c, fs\u3001gs(\u540ces\uff09|
\n| \u6307\u4ee4\u6307\u9488\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 | eip, ip | \u5b58\u653e\u4e0b\u6b21\u5c06\u8981\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u6bb5\u7684\u504f\u79fb\u91cf\u3002 \u5b9e\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6bb5\u6700\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u4e3a64->eip\u9ad816\u4f4d\u4e3a0 && \u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u53ea\u7528ip |
\n| \u6807\u5fd7\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 |
\n| |
\n| \u6570\u636e\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 | eax | \u7d2f\u52a0\u5668accumulator\u3002\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e \u4e58\u9664\u3001io\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u9891\u7387\u9ad8 |
\n| \u6570\u636e\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 | ebx | \u57fa\u5730\u5740\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668base register \uff0c\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u6307\u9488\u4f7f\u7528 |
\n| \u6570\u636e\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 | ecx | \u8ba1\u6570\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668count register\u3002 1 \u5faa\u73af&&\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6->\u63a7\u5236\u5faa\u73af\u6b21\u6570\u3002 2 \u4f4d\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6->cl\u6307\u660e\u79fb\u4f4d\u4f4d\u6570 |
\n| \u6570\u636e\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 | edx | \u6570\u636e\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668data register\u3002 1 \u4e58\u9664\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u9ed8\u8ba4\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u53c2\u4e0e\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002 2 \u53ef\u5b58\u653eio\u7aef\u53e3\u5730\u5740\u3002|
\n| |
\n| \u6807\u5fd7\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 | \u8fdb\u4f4d\u6807\u5fd7cf(carry flag) | +-, \u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u5927\u5c0f\u6bd4\u8f83, \u79fb\u4f4d \u65f6\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d\u8fdb\u4f4d\/\u501f\u4f4d\u5219cf\u4e3a1\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e3a0 |
\n| \u6807\u5fd7\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 | \u5947\u5076\u6807\u5fd7pf(parity) | \u8fd0\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c1\u4e2a\u6570\u4e3a\u5076\u6570->1,\u5426\u52190\u3002 \u4e0d\u5e38\u7528 |
\n| \u6807\u5fd7\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 | \u8f85\u52a9\u8fdb\u4f4d\u6807\u5fd7af(auxiliary carry flag) | 1 \u5b57\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f4e\u5b57\u8282\u8fdb\u4f4d\/\u7ed3\u5c3e 2 \u5b57\u8282\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f4e\u56db\u4f4d\u5411\u9ad8\u56db\u4f4d\u8fdb\u4f4d\u6216\u501f\u4f4d \u3002 \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u7f6e1\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e3a0\u3002 \u4e0d\u5e38\u7528 |
\n| \u6807\u5fd7\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 | zf(zero) | \u8fd0\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a0\u7f6e\u4e00\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e3a0 |
\n| \u6807\u5fd7\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 | sf(sign) | \u8fd0\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\u7b26\u53f7\u4f4d\uff0c\u540c\u4e8e\u6700\u9ad8\u4f4d |
\n| \u6807\u5fd7\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 | of(overflow) | \u6709\u7b26\u53f7\u6570+-\u65f6\u662f\u5426\u6ea2\u51fa\u3002 \u6ea2\u51fa\u65f6\u7f6e1\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e3a0 |<\/p>\n
###### \u4e8c\u3001\u72b6\u6001\u63a7\u5236\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d
\n* \u72b6\u6001\u63a7\u5236\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u662f\u7528\u6765\u63a7\u5236CPU\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u4e4b\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n
* 1\u3001\u8ffd\u8e2a\u6807\u5fd7TF(Trap Flag)
\n\u5f53\u8ffd\u8e2a\u6807\u5fd7TF\u88ab\u7f6e\u4e3a1\u65f6\uff0cCPU\u8fdb\u5165\u5355\u6b65\u6267\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u6bcf\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u6b65\u4e2d\u65ad\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u3002
\n\u6307\u4ee4\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4dTF\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u4f46\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u53ef\u7528\u5176\u5b83\u529e\u6cd5\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u503c\u3002
\n* 2\u3001\u4e2d\u65ad\u5141\u8bb8\u6807\u5fd7IF(Interrupt-enable Flag)
\n\u4e2d\u65ad\u5141\u8bb8\u6807\u5fd7IF\u662f\u7528\u6765\u51b3\u5b9aCPU\u662f\u5426\u54cd\u5e94CPU\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u53ef\u5c4f\u853d\u4e2d\u65ad\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u4f46\u4e0d\u7ba1\u8be5\u6807\u5fd7\u4e3a\u4f55\u503c\uff0cCPU\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u54cd\u5e94CPU\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c4f\u853d\u4e2d\u65ad\u6240\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4ee5\u53caCPU\u5185\u90e8\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u89c4\u5b9a\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\n(1)\u3001\u5f53IF=1\u65f6\uff0cCPU\u53ef\u4ee5\u54cd\u5e94CPU\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u53ef\u5c4f\u853d\u4e2d\u65ad\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1b
\n(2)\u3001\u5f53IF=0\u65f6\uff0cCPU\u4e0d\u54cd\u5e94CPU\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u53ef\u5c4f\u853d\u4e2d\u65ad\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002
\nCPU\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4dIF\u7684\u503c\u3002
\n* 3\u3001\u65b9\u5411\u6807\u5fd7DF(Direction Flag)
\n\u65b9\u5411\u6807\u5fd7DF\u7528\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u5728\u4e32\u64cd\u4f5c\u6307\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u6709\u5173\u6307\u9488\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u53d1\u751f\u8c03\u6574\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u89c4\u5b9a\u5728\u7b2c5.2.11\u8282\u2014\u2014\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u64cd\u4f5c\u6307\u4ee4\u2014\u2014\u4e2d\u7ed9\u51fa\u3002\u5728\u5fae\u673a\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4dDF\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n
###### \u4e09\u300132\u4f4d\u6807\u5fd7\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d
\n* 1\u3001I\/O\u7279\u6743\u6807\u5fd7IOPL(I\/O Privilege Level)
\nI\/O\u7279\u6743\u6807\u5fd7\u7528\u4e24\u4f4d\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u4f4d\u6765\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3aI\/O\u7279\u6743\u7ea7\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002\u8be5\u5b57\u6bb5\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u8981\u6c42\u6267\u884cI\/O\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u7279\u6743\u7ea7\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u7279\u6743\u7ea7\u522b\u5728\u6570\u503c\u4e0a\u5c0f\u4e8e\u7b49\u4e8eIOPL\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8be5I\/O\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c06\u53d1\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fdd\u62a4\u5f02\u5e38\u3002
\n* 2\u3001\u5d4c\u5957\u4efb\u52a1\u6807\u5fd7NT(Nested Task)
\n\u5d4c\u5957\u4efb\u52a1\u6807\u5fd7NT\u7528\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u4e2d\u65ad\u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u4ee4IRET\u7684\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u89c4\u5b9a\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\n\t* (1)\u3001\u5f53NT=0\uff0c\u7528\u5806\u6808\u4e2d\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u503c\u6062\u590dEFLAGS\u3001CS\u548cEIP\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\u8fd4\u56de\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1b
\n\t* (2)\u3001\u5f53NT=1\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4efb\u52a1\u8f6c\u6362\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\u65ad\u8fd4\u56de\u3002
\n* 3\u3001\u91cd\u542f\u52a8\u6807\u5fd7RF(Restart Flag)
\n\t\u91cd\u542f\u52a8\u6807\u5fd7RF\u7528\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u5426\u63a5\u53d7\u8c03\u8bd5\u6545\u969c\u3002\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1aRF=0\u65f6\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u201c\u63a5\u53d7\u201d\u8c03\u8bd5\u6545\u969c\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u62d2\u7edd\u4e4b\u3002\u5728\u6210\u529f\u6267\u884c\u5b8c\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u540e\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u673a\u628aRF\u7f6e\u4e3a0\uff0c\u5f53\u63a5\u53d7\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u8c03\u8bd5\u6545\u969c\u65f6\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5c31\u628a\u5b83\u7f6e\u4e3a1\u3002
\n* 4\u3001\u865a\u62df8086\u65b9\u5f0f\u6807\u5fd7VM(Virtual 8086 Mode)
\n\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6807\u5fd7\u7684\u503c\u4e3a1\uff0c\u5219\u8868\u793a\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5904\u4e8e\u865a\u62df\u76848086\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5904\u4e8e\u4e00\u822c\u4fdd\u62a4\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/p>\n
###### lala
\n* \u53d8\u5740\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668
\n\t* \u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u79cd\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u5bfb\u5740\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u5740\u5f62\u5f0f\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143
\n\t* \u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u4e3a8\u4f4d
\n\t* \u53ef\u5b58\u50a8\u7b97\u6570\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\/\u7ed3\u679c
\n\t* \u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u6307\u9488
\n\t* \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u64cd\u4f5c\u6307\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u8981\u6c42&&\u7279\u6b8a\u529f\u80fd <\/p>\n
* \u6307\u9488\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668
\n\t* \u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u653e\u5806\u6808\u5185\u5b58\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\u7684\u504f\u79fb\u91cf
\n\t* \u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u79cd\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7684\u5bfb\u5740\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u5740\u5f62\u5f0f\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143
\n\t* \u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u4e3a8\u4f4d\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u3002
\n\t* \u53ef\u5b58\u50a8\u7b97\u6570\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\/\u7ed3\u679c
\n\t* \u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u8bbf\u95ee\u5806\u6808\u5185\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143
\n\t* bp->base pointer\uff0c\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u5b58\u53d6\u5806\u6808\u4e2d\u6570\u636e
\n\t* sp->stack pointer, \u53ea\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u6808\u9876<\/p>\n
* \u6bb5\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668
\n\t* \u4fdd\u62a4\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u6bb5\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u91cc\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u6bb5\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u5b50(selector)\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u503c <\/p>\n
## 2 \u57fa\u672c\u6c47\u7f16\u8bed\u8a00
\n### 2.1 \u6574\u5f62\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f
\n#### 2.1.1 \u8865\u7801\u8303\u56f4<\/p>\n
\t“`
\n \u5b57\u8282 8\u4f4d -128~127
\n \t\u5b57 16\u4f4d -32768~32767
\n \u53cc\u5b57 32\u4f4d -20\u4ebf~20\u4ebf
\n \t“`<\/p>\n
#### 2.1.2 \u6269\u5c55\u548c\u7f29\u5c0f
\n##### \u7f29\u5c0f
\n* \u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u6570<\/p>\n
\t“`
\n\t\t\u8981\u79fb\u9664\u7684\u90fd\u8981\u662f0
\n\t“`<\/p>\n
* \u6709\u7b26\u53f7\u6570<\/p>\n
“`
\n \t1. \u8981\u79fb\u9664\u7684\u51680\u6216\u51681
\n \t2. \u79fb\u9664\u540e\u7b26\u53f7\u4f4d\u4e0d\u53d8(\u79fb\u9664\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f1\u8fd8\u662f0 \u8981\u4e0e \u79fb\u9664\u540e\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6570\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u4f4d\u4e00\u81f4
\n “`<\/p>\n
##### \u6269\u5c55
\n* \u6269\u5c55\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u6570
\n\t* \u6269\u5c55\u5230ax\u76f8\u5173\u7684<\/p>\n
\t\u00b7\u00b7\u00b7
\n \tmov ah, 0 ; al\u4e2d\u7684\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u5b57\u8282\u6269\u5c55\u5230ax\u4e2d
\n \u00b7\u00b7\u00b7<\/p>\n
\t* \u6269\u5c55\u5230eax\u76f8\u5173\u7684 <\/p>\n
\t“`
\n 80386:
\n\tmovzx dest, src
\n dest\u8981\u5927\u4e8esrc
\n dest->16\/32\u4f4d\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668
\n src->[8\/16\u4f4d\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668]\/[\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57]<\/p>\n
eg.
\n movzx eax, ax;
\n movzx eax, al
\n movzx ax, al
\n movzx ebx, ax
\n\t“`<\/p>\n
* \u6269\u5c55\u6709\u7b26\u53f7\u6570<\/p>\n
\t* \u65e0\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570<\/p>\n
| \u6307\u4ee4 | \u4f5c\u7528 |
\n | — | — |
\n | cbw | 8086; al\u6269\u5c55\u6210ax |
\n | cwd | 8086; ax->dx:ax |
\n | cwde | 80386; ax->eax |
\n | cdq | eax->edx:eax |
\n | movsx | \u7c7b\u4f3cmovzx |<\/p>\n
#### 2.1.3 \u8865\u7801\u8ba1\u7b97
\n* add\/sub \u53ef\u540c\u65f6\u7528\u4e0e\u6709\u7b26\u53f7\/\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u6574\u578b\u3002 \u8fdb\u4f4d\u4e22\u6389<\/p>\n
##### \u4e58\u6cd5
\n* mul -> \u65e0\u7b26\u53f7<\/p>\n
\t“`
\n\tmul source
\n source->\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\/\u5185\u5b58
\n source 1\u5b57\u8282-> ax = source * al
\n source 2\u5b57\u8282-> dx:ax = source * ax
\n\t“`<\/p>\n
* imul -> \u6709\u7b26\u53f7<\/p>\n
* immed8,immed16, immed32\u662f\u7acb\u5373\u6570\uff0c\uff08\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u6570\u90fd\u662f\u7acb\u5373\u6570
\n * dest\u53ea\u80fd\u8bf4\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668
\n * s2\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u7acb\u5373\u6570<\/p>\n
| dest | source1 | source2 | \u64cd\u4f5c |
\n| — | — | — | — |
\n| | reg\/mem8 | | ax = al * s1 |
\n| | reg\/mem16| | dx:ax = ax * s1 |
\n| | reg\/mem32| | edx:eax = eax * s1 |
\n| reg16 | reg\/mem16\/immed8\/immed16 | | dest * = s1 |
\n| reg32 | reg\/mem32\/immed8\/immed32 | | dest * = s1 |
\n| reg16 | reg\/mem16 | immed8\/immed16 | dest = s1 * s2 |
\n| reg32 | reg\/mem32 | immed8\/immed32 | dest = s1 * s2 |<\/p>\n
##### \u9664\u6cd5
\n* div source -> \u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u6574\u578b<\/p>\n
\t“`
\n source -> 8\u4f4d, ax \/ source, al = \u5546, ah = \u4f59\u6570
\n source -> 16\u4f4d, dx:ax \/ source ax = \u5546, dx = \u4f59\u6570
\n source -> 32\u4f4d, edx:eax \/ source eax = \u5546, edx = \u4f59\u6570
\n “`<\/p>\n
* idiv -> \u6709\u7b26\u53f7\u6574\u578b<\/p>\n
\t“`
\n \u4f3cdiv\u800c\u4e0d\u4f3cimul
\n \u82e5 \u5546\u5927\u4e8e\u5176\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 \/ \u9664\u6570\u4e3a0 -> \u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u65ad\/\u4e2d\u6b62
\n “`<\/p>\n
##### \u6c42\u53cd
\n* neg
\n\t* \u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u8865\u7801\u5f97\u5230\u76f8\u53cd\u6570
\n\t* \u64cd\u4f5c\u6570 8\/16\/32\u4f4d\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 \/ \u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df <\/p>\n
#### 2.1.4 \u6269\u5145\u7cbe\u5ea6\u8fd0\u7b97
\n* adc
\n\t* operand1 = operand1 + carry flag + operand2 <\/p>\n
\t“`
\n ; 64\u4f4d\u6574\u578b\u52a0\u6cd5
\n ; edx:eax = edx:eax + ebx:ecx
\n add eax, ecx ; \u4f4e32\u4f4d\u76f8\u52a0
\n adc edx, ebx ; \u9ad832\u4f4d\u5e26\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u8fdb\u4f4d\u76f8\u52a0<\/p>\n
“`<\/p>\n
* ssb
\n\t* operand1 = operand1 – carry flag – operand2 <\/p>\n
\t“`<\/p>\n
; 64\u4f4d\u6574\u578b\u51cf\u6cd5
\n \uff1b edx:eax – ebx:ecx
\n sub eax, ecx ; \u4f4e32\u4f4d\u76f8\u51cf
\n sbb edx, ebx ; \u9ad832\u4f4d\u5e26\u501f\u4f4d\u76f8\u51cf
\n “`<\/p>\n
* clc
\n\t* clear carry \u6e05\u695a\u8fdb\u4f4d->\u5c06\u8fdb\u4f4d\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\u7f6e0<\/p>\n
### 2.2 \u63a7\u5236\u7ed3\u6784
\n#### 2.2.1 \u6bd4\u8f83
\n* cmp vleft vright
\n\t* \u6bd4\u8f83\u7ed3\u679c\u5b58\u4e8eflags\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668
\n\t* vleft vright\u6700\u591a\u4e00\u4e2a\u662fmem
\n\t* \u901a\u8fc7\u51cf\u6cd5\u6bd4\u8f83
\n\t* \u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u6574\u578b
\n\t\t* vleft = vright -> zf=1, cf=0
\n\t\t* vleft > vright -> zf=0, cf=0
\n\t\t* vleft < vright -> zf=0, cf=1
\n\t* \u6709\u7b26\u53f7\u6574\u578b
\n\t\t* vleft = vright -> zf = 1
\n\t\t* vleft > vright -> zf = 0, sf = of
\n\t\t* vleft < vright -> zf = 0, sf != of<\/p>\n
\t\t“`
\n vleft > vright:
\n \tof = 0 -> sf = 0
\n of = 1 -> \u5dee\u503c\u4e3a\u8d1f\u6570 -> sf = 1
\n “`<\/p>\n
#### 2.2.2 \u5206\u652f
\n* \u65e0\/\u6709 \u6761\u4ef6\u5206\u652f<\/p>\n
##### 1 jmp(jump) -> \u65e0\u6761\u4ef6\u5206\u652f
\n\t* jmp \u4ee3\u7801\u6807\u53f7
\n\t* jmp\u6307\u4ee4\u540e\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u88ab\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u6240\u6307
\n##### 2 \u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u5206\u652f
\n* \u7b80\u5355\u6bd4\u8f83<\/p>\n
| \u6307\u4ee4 | \u8df3\u8f6c\u6761\u4ef6 | | \u6307\u4ee4 | \u8df3\u8f6c\u6761\u4ef6 |
\n| — | — |
\n| jz | zf = 1 | | jnz | zf = 0 |
\n| jc | cf = 1 | | jnc | cd = 0 |
\n| |
\n| jo | of = 1 | | jno | of = 0 |
\n| js | sf = 1 | | jns | sf = 0 |
\n| |
\n| jp | pf = 1 | | jnp | pf = 0 |<\/p>\n
* \u6709\u7b26\u53f7\u548c\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u6307\u4ee4<\/p>\n
| \u6709\u7b26\u53f7 | \u8df3\u8f6c\u6761\u4ef6 | | \u65e0\u7b26\u53f7 | \u8df3\u8f6c\u6761\u4ef6 |
\n| — | — |
\n| je | vleft = vright | \u540c\u53f3 |
\n| jne | vleft != vright | \u540c\u53f3 |
\n| jl, jnge | vleft < vright | | jb, jnae | vleft < vright |\n| jle, jng | vleft <= vright | | jbe, jna | vleft <= vright |\n| jg, jnle | vleft > vright | | ja, jnbe | vleft > vright |
\n| jge, jnl | vleft >= vright | | jae, jnb | vleft >= vright | <\/p>\n
* pf <- \u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u4f4e8\u4f4d1\u7684\u6570\u76ee\u4e3a\u5076\u6570->pf=1, \u5426\u5219pf=0<\/p>\n
##### 3 \u793a\u4f8b
\n* \u793a\u4f8b1<\/p>\n
“`
\n ; if eax == 0 :
\n ;\tebx = 1;
\n ; else:
\n ; \tebx = 2;
\n cmp eax, 0
\n jz trueblock
\n elseblock:
\n mov ebx, 2
\n jnz endifblock
\n trueblock:
\n mov ebx, 1
\n endifblock:
\n mov eax, ebx
\n call print_int
\n call print_nl<\/p>\n
“`<\/p>\n
* \u793a\u4f8b2<\/p>\n
\t“`
\n if eax >= 5:
\n \tebx = 1
\n else:
\n \tebx = 2
\n “`<\/p>\n
\t“`
\n cmp eax, 5
\n jge trueblock
\nelseblock:
\n mov ebx, 2
\n jmp endifblock
\ntrueblock:
\n mov ebx, 1
\nendifblock:
\n mov eax, ebx
\n call print_int
\n call print_nl
\n “`<\/p>\n
#### 2.2.3 \u5faa\u73af
\n##### loop
\n* –ecx; \u82e5ecx != 0, \u5219jmp \u4ee3\u7801\u6807\u53f7;<\/p>\n
##### loope, loopz
\n* for(; ecx !=0; ecx–) if (zf=1) jmp \u4ee3\u7801\u6807\u53f7
\n##### loopne, loopnz
\n* for(; ecx !=0 ; ecx–) if (zf=0) jmp \u4ee3\u7801\u6807\u53f7<\/p>\n
“`
\nsum = 0;
\nfor (int i=10; i > 0; –i)
\n sum += i;
\n“`<\/p>\n
“`
\n\tmov ecx, 10
\n mov eax, 0
\nloopblock:
\n add eax, ecx
\n loop loopblock
\nnextblock:
\n call print_int
\n call print_nl
\n“`<\/p>\n
### 2.3 \u63a7\u5236\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u7ffb\u8bd1
\n#### 2.3.1 if
\n##### if<\/p>\n
“`
\n\t; \u8bbe\u7f6eflags
\n\tjxx endif
\n\t; trueblock\u4ee3\u7801
\nendif:<\/p>\n
“`<\/p>\n
##### if…else<\/p>\n
“`
\n\t; \u8bbe\u7f6eflags
\n\tjxx elseblock
\n ; thenblock
\n jmp endif
\nelseblock:
\n\t; elseblock
\nendif:
\n“`
\n#### 2.3.2 while<\/p>\n
“`
\nwhile:
\n\t; \u57fa\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u8bbe\u7f6eflags
\n jxx endwhile
\n ; \u5faa\u73af\u4f53
\n jmp while
\nendwhile:
\n“`<\/p>\n
#### 2.3.3 do while<\/p>\n
“`
\ndo:
\n\t; \u5faa\u73af\u4f53<\/p>\n
; \u8bbe\u7f6eflags
\n jxx do
\n“`<\/p>\n
#### 2.3.4 \u4ee3\u7801\u89c4\u8303<\/p>\n
“`
\n; do something
\nwhile:
\n\t; do something
\n jxx endwhile1
\n ; do something
\n while2:
\n \t; do something
\n jxx endwhile2
\n \t; do something
\n jmp while2
\n endwhile2:
\n ; do something
\n if:
\n \t; do something
\n jxx endif
\n ; do something
\n endif:
\n ; do somehting
\n jmp while
\nendwhile1:<\/p>\n
“`<\/p>\n
## 3 \u4f4d\u64cd\u4f5c
\n### 3.1 \u79fb\u4f4d\u64cd\u4f5c
\n#### 3.1.1 \u903b\u8f91\u79fb\u4f4d
\n* shl\u6307\u4ee4 && shr\u6307\u4ee4
\n* shl\/shr \u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 \u4f4d\u6570
\n* \u4f4d\u6570\u662f \u5e38\u91cf\/cl\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u91cc\u7684\u503c
\n* \u65b0\u8fdb\u4e4b\u4f4d\u4e3a0
\n* \u6700\u540e\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u79fb\u51fa\u7684bit\u5b58\u4e8ecf
\n* \u5e94\u7528\uff1a\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u6570\u4e58\u9664 <\/p>\n
“`
\nshl ax, 1
\nmov cl, 3
\nshr ax, cl<\/p>\n
“`<\/p>\n
#### 3.1.2 \u7b97\u672f\u79fb\u4f4d
\n* \u5e94\u7528\uff1a\u6709\u7b26\u53f7\u6570\u4e58\u9664
\n* sal\u6307\u4ee4, sar\u6307\u4ee4\u3002shift arithmethic left\/right
\n* \u6700\u540e\u79fb\u51fa\u7684bit\u5b58\u4e8ecf<\/p>\n
“`
\nsal ax, 1
\nsar ax, 2
\n“`<\/p>\n
#### 3.1.3 \u5faa\u73af\u79fb\u4f4d
\n* rol\u6307\u4ee4 -> \u5faa\u73af\u5de6\u79fb,
\n* ror\u6307\u4ee4 -> \u5faa\u73af\u53f3\u79fb
\n* rcl rcr <- \u5305\u542b\u8fdb\u4f4d\u8fdb\u884c\u79fb\u52a8\n* \u79fb\u51fa\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2abit\u590d\u5236\u5230\u8fdb\u4f4d\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d\n\n\n```\nclc\nrcl ax, 1\n\nmov bl\n```\n\n### 3.2 \u5e03\u5c14\u578b\u6309\u4f4d\u8fd0\u7b97\n* and or xor not\n* test \u6307\u4ee4: \u6a21\u62dfand\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u5f71\u54cdflags\uff08\u5982\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a0\u7f6e\u4f4dzf\n* \u6e050\n\t* xor eax, eax \n\n```\nmov ax, 3\nand ax, 1\ncwde\n```\n\n* \u5e94\u7528\n\n```\n; 1 \u5f00\u542f\u4f4di\nor \u6570, 2^i\n\n; 2 \u5173\u95ed\u4f4di\nand \u6570, \u63a9\u7801\n; \u63a9\u7801: \u53ea\u6709\u4f4di\u4e3aoff\n\n; 3 \u6c42\u53cd\u4f4di\n xor \u6570, 2^i\n \n; 4 \u5f97\u5230\u9664\u4ee52^i\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u4f59\u6570\nand \u6570, 2^i - 1\n\n; 1.2 \u901a\u7528\u5f00\u542f\u4e00\u4f4d\nmov cl, bh ; bh\u5b58\u9700\u8981\u7f6e\u4f4d\u7684bit\u4f4d\nmov ebx, 1\nshl ebx, c1\nor eax, ebx ;\u5f00\u542f\u4f4d\n \n\uff1b2.2 \u901a\u7528\u5173\u95ed\u4e00\u4f4d\nmov c1, bh\nmov ebx, 1\nshl ebx, c1\nnot ebx\nand eax, ebx\n \n; 3.2 \u901a\u7528\u6c42\u53cd\u4e00\u4f4d\nmov c1, bh\nmov ebx, 1\nsh1 ebx, c1\nxor eax, ebx\n\n```\n\n### 3.3 \u907f\u514d\u6761\u4ef6\u5206\u652f\n* setxx\n\t* xx\u540cjxx\u91cc\u7684xx\u4e00\u6837\n\t* \u6761\u4ef6\u4e3a\u771f\uff0c\u7f6e1\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u7f6e0 \n\t* setz al\n\n\n```\n; \u6c42\u6700\u5927\u503c\n; eax\u5b58\u4e86input2\n \txor ebx, ebx ;ebx = 0\n cmp edx, [n1]\n \t; ebx = (n2 > n1) ? 1 : 0
\n setg bl <\/p>\n
\t; ebx = (n2 > n1) ? 0xffffffff : 0
\n neg ebx
\n ; \u4fdd\u7559ebx\u503c
\n mov ecx, ebx
\n and ecx, eax<\/p>\n
\t; ebx = (n2 > n1) ? 0 : 0xffffffff
\n not ebx
\n and ebx, [n1]<\/p>\n
\t; ecx = (input2 > input1) ? input2 : input1
\n or ecx, ebx<\/p>\n
; \u4f7f\u7528dec\u4ee3\u66ffneg\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u503c\u76f8\u53cd
\n“`<\/p>\n
### 3.4 c\u4e2d\u4f4d\u64cd\u4f5c
\n* & -> and
\n* | -> or
\n* not -> ~
\n* \u79fb\u4f4d
\n\t* \u79fb\u4f4d\u7684\u6570\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7->\u903b\u8f91\u79fb\u4f4d
\n\t* \u79fb\u4f4d\u7684\u6570\u6709\u7b26\u53f7->\u7b97\u6570\u79fb\u4f4d
\n\t* << \u5de6\u79fb\n\t* >> \u53f3\u79fb<\/p>\n
## 4 \u5b50\u7a0b\u5e8f
\n* eg. \u51fd\u6570\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b
\n* \u8c03\u7528\u7ea6\u5b9a
\n\t* \u6807\u51c6c\u8c03\u7528\u7ea6\u5b9a
\n\t\t* \u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u9488\u6765\u8ba9\u5b50\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bbf\u95ee\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e
\n\t* \u53ef\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668<\/p>\n
### 4.1 \u95f4\u63a5\u5bfb\u5740 <\/p>\n
“`
\nmov ax, [data] ; \u6807\u51c6\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57
\nmov ebx, data ; ebx = & data
\nmov ax, [ebx] ; ax = * ebx<\/p>\n
; —<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u5b58\u4ee3\u7801\u6807\u53f7
\n“`<\/p>\n
### 4.2 \u5806\u6808
\n* push -> esp -= 4 \u63d2\u5165\u53cc\u5b57,\u53cc\u5b57\u5b58\u4e8e[esp]
\n* pop \u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 -> [esp]\u8bfb\u53d6\u53cc\u5b57\u5230\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0cesp += 4
\n* push pop\u572832\u4f4d\u4fdd\u62a4\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u6700\u597d\u5355\u4e2a\u53cc\u5b57\u3002\u867d\u591a\u5b57\u5165\u6808\u4e5f\u53ef
\n* \u4f5c\u7528
\n\t* \u4e34\u65f6\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e
\n\t* \u5b50\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8c03\u7528
\n\t* \u4f20\u9012 \u53c2\u6570\/\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf
\n* pusha -> \u628aeax ebx ecx edx esi edi ebp \u503c\u63a8\u5165\u6808(\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u987a\u5e8f <- 8086\n* popa -> \u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u503c\u79fb\u51fa\u6808 <- 8086 \n\n```\npush dword 1\npush dword 2\npush dword 3\npop eax ; eax = 3\npop ebx ; ebx = 2\npop ecx ; ecx = 1\n```\n\n### 4.3 call \u548c ret\n* <- 8086\n* call \n\t* \u8df3\u8f6c\u5230\u5b50\u7a0b\u5e8f\n\t* \u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u5730\u5740\u5165\u6808\n* ret \n\t* \u5f39\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u5e76\u8df3\u8f6c\u53bb\u6267\u884c \n\n### 4.4 \u8c03\u7528\u7ea6\u5b9a\n* \u9ad8\u7ea7\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u4f20\u9012\u6570\u636e\u65b9\u6cd5\n* \u4e0d\u540c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668 -> \u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4f55\u7f16\u8bd1\uff08\u5982\u662f\u5426\u4f18\u5316) -> \u4e0d\u540c\u8c03\u7528\u7ea6\u5b9a
\n* \u5e7f\u6cdb\u7ea6\u5b9a : call\u8c03\u7528\u4ee3\u7801, ret\u6307\u4ee4\u8fd4\u56de<\/p>\n
#### 4.4.1 \u5806\u6808\u4e0a\u4f20\u53c2
\n* \u6808\u4e0a\u4f20\u60e8\u7ed9\u5b50\u7a0b\u5e8f
\n\t* \u53c2\u6570\u4e3a\u5730\u5740 -> \u5b50\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539<\/p>\n
\t“`
\n ; \u5c06 \u6700\u540e\u538b\u5165\u7684\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u7684\u503c \u8bbe\u4e3a edx\u7684\u503c
\n mov eax, [ebp + 8 ]
\n mov [eax], edx<\/p>\n
; mov eax, [eb[ + 8]\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u884c
\n lea eax, [ebp + 8]
\n mov eax, [eax]<\/p>\n
mov [ebp – 4], 0 ; \u5c06 \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf \u8bbe\u4e3a0
\n “`<\/p>\n
\t* \u53c2\u6570\u5c0f\u4e8e\u53cc\u5b57 -> \u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u53cc\u5b57\u518d\u4f20
\n\t* \u4fdd\u62a4\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\u3001\u5806\u6808\u6bb5\u4e3a\u540c\u4e00\u6bb5
\n\t* \u79fb\u9664\u53c2\u6570
\n\t\t* c -> c\u79fb\u9664\u53c2\u6570
\n\t\t* pascal -> \u5b50\u7a0b\u5e8f\u79fb\u9664\u53c2\u6570\u3002 \u5173\u952e\u5b57pascal\u7528\u4e8e\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b\/\u5b9a\u4e49\u4f7f\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u7ea6\u5b9a\u3002 \u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u53d8\u53c2
\n\t\t* add ebp, N \/ pop ecx \u7528\u4e8e\u79fb\u9664\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n
“`
\nsubprogram:
\n\tpush ebp ; \u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u5b50\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8ebp\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5148\u5c06\u5176\u5907\u4efd\uff0c\u540e\u518d\u6062\u590d
\n mov ebp, esp
\n sub esp, LOCAL_BYTES ; = #\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u9700\u8981\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u6570<\/p>\n
\t; [ebp + 4] -> \u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740
\n ; [ebp + 8] -> \u6700\u540e\u538b\u5165\u7684\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n
mov esp, ebp ; \u91ca\u653e\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf
\n pop ebp
\n ret
\n“`<\/p>\n
“`
\n\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u6709\u591a\u4e2a.data .text, \u8fde\u63a5\u65f6\u7ec8\u4f1a\u7ec4\u5408\u6210\u5355\u4e00
\n“`<\/p>\n
#### 4.4.2 \u5806\u6808\u4e0a\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf
\n* \u5b50\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u5806\u6808\u5b58\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf => \u53ef\u91cd\u5165\uff08\u53ef\u5d4c\u5957\u8c03\u7528
\n* \u4e0d\u5b58\u4e8e\u5806\u6808\u4e2d\u7684\u662f \u5168\u5c40\/\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c \u5b58\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58\u4e8e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u59cb\u7ec8
\n* \u5806\u6808\u5e27\uff1a\u5806\u6808\u4e2d\u542b\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf
\n* enter leave\u7b80\u5316\u5b50\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5f00\u59cb\/\u7ed3\u675f\u90e8\u5206\u3002 \u4f46\u6162\u4e8e\u7b49\u4ef7\u7b80\u5355\u547d\u4ee4
\n\t“`
\n ; enter ; leave\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e
\n push ebp
\n mov ebp, esp
\n sub esp, LOCAL_BYTES
\n ;
\n \tmov esp, ebp
\n pop ebp
\n “`<\/p>\n
“`
\nenter 0, 0 ; \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570 -> \u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u9700\u8981\u5b57\u8282\u6570, \u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u5728c\u8c03\u7528\u7ea6\u5b9a\u4e2d\u4e3a0
\nleave ; \u65e0\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570<\/p>\n
subprogram:
\n\tenter LOCAL_BYTES, 0<\/p>\n
leave
\n ret
\n“`<\/p>\n
### 4.5 \u591a\u6a21\u5757\u7a0b\u5e8f
\n* extern -> \u53d8\u91cf\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\uff08\u6307\u4ee3\u7801\/\u6570\u636e\u53d8\u91cf
\n* global -> \u5b9a\u4e49\u5916\u90e8\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee<\/p>\n
### 4.6 c\u4e0e\u6c47\u7f16\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u6280\u672f
\n* \u98df\u7528\u6c47\u7f16
\n\t* \u65b9\u6cd5
\n\t\t* \u5185\u5d4c\u6c47\u7f16
\n\t\t* \u8c03\u7528\u6c47\u7f16\u5b50\u7a0b\u5e8f
\n\t* \u4e4b\u56e0
\n\t\t* c\u5f88\u96be\/\u4e0d\u80af\u80fd \u505a\u5230\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\u786c\u4ef6\u7279\u6027
\n\t\t* \u624b\u52a8\u4f18\u5316\u4ee5\u66f4\u5feb
\n\t* \u7f3a\u70b9
\n\t\t* \u53ef\u79fb\u690d\u6027–
\n\t\t* \u53ef\u8bfb\u6027– <\/p>\n
#### 4.6.1 \u4fdd\u5b58\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668
\n* c\u4e4b\u5b50\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4fdd\u5b58
\n\t* ebx
\n\t* esi edi
\n\t* ebp
\n\t* cs, ds, ss, es <\/p>\n
#### 4.6.2 \u51fd\u6570\u540d
\n* c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668
\n\t* linux gcc \u4e0d\u9644\u52a0_, f\u5373\u8c03\u7528function f
\n\t* djgpp \u9644\u52a0 _
\n\t* _\u5168\u5c40\/\u9759\u6001\u53d8\u91cf
\n\t\t* _f\u8c03\u7528 function f<\/p>\n
#### 4.6.3 \u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570
\n* c\u8c03\u7528\u7ea6\u5b9a\uff1a\u5148\u538b\u5165\u540e\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u540e\u538b\u5165\u7684\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u6808\u5e95
\n\t* => printf \u91cc\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6052\u4e3a[ebp + 8] <\/p>\n
#### 4.6.4 \u8ba1\u7b97\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5730\u5740
\n* \u8fde\u63a5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u627e\u5230 .data .bss\u91cc\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5730\u5740<\/p>\n
“`
\n; \u975e\u6cd5
\nmov eax, ebp – 8 ; \u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5e38\u91cf<\/p>\n
“`<\/p>\n
* lea (load effective address, \u8f7d\u5165\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5740)<\/p>\n
\t“`
\n ; lea\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u5185\u4ece\u4e2d\u8bfb\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u8ba1\u7b97\u5730\u5740\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u4e2d\uff1b
\n ; \u65e0\u9700\u6307\u5b9a\u5185\u5b58\u5927\u5c0f(\u5982\u7528dword
\n lea eax, [ebp – 8]
\n lea eax, [eax + 4*ecx] ; \u53ef\u6709*\u53f7
\n “`<\/p>\n
#### 4.6.5 \u8fd4\u56de\u503c
\n* \u6574\u578b(char, int, enum) (\u6269\u5c55\u621032\u4f4d) \u901a\u8fc7 eax\u8fd4\u56de
\n* 64\u4f4d\u901a\u8fc7edx:eax\u8fd4\u56de
\n* \u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u5b58\u4e8e\u6570\u5b66\u534f\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e2d\u7684st0\u5373\u5b58\u5728<\/p>\n
#### 4.6.7 \u5176\u4ed6\u8c03\u7528\u7ea6\u5b9a
\n* gcc
\n\t* \u6269\u5c55\u8bed\u6cd5__attibute__\u6307\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u7ea6\u5b9a <\/p>\n
\t“`
\n ; \u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u4e3a\u7a7a\u7684\u51fd\u6570f\uff0c\u5e26\u6709\u4e00\u4e2aint\u53c2\u6570
\n ; \u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u8c03\u7528\u7ea6\u5b9a
\n void f(int) __attribute__((cdecl));
\n “`<\/p>\n
* \u6807\u51c6call\u8c03\u7528\u7ea6\u5b9a\uff0c\u628acdecl\u66ff\u6362\u6210stdcall
\n \t* stdcall\u8981\u6c42\u5b50\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c06\u53c2\u6570\u79fb\u9664\u6808\uff08\u540cpascall\u8c03\u7528\u7ea6\u5b9a), \u53ea\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u4e0a<\/p>\n
\t* regparam\u7ea6\u5b9a
\n\t\t* \u524d\u4e09\u4e2a\u6574\u578b\u53c2\u6570\u901a\u8fc7\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5806\u6808\u3002
\n\t\t* \u88ab\u8bb8\u591a\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u652f\u6301\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u6a21\u5f0f <\/p>\n
* borland, microsoft\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u6837\u8bed\u6cd5\u58f0\u660e\u8c03\u7528\u7ea6\u5b9a
\n\t* \u5173\u952e\u5b57”__cdecl” \u5173\u952e\u5b57”__stdcall”, \u7528\u4e8e\u539f\u578b\u58f0\u660e\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u524d<\/p>\n
\t“`
\n void __cdecl f(int);
\n “`<\/p>\n
* cdecl\u7ea6\u5b9a
\n\t* \u7b80\u5355\u7075\u6d3b
\n\t* \u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55 c\u51fd\u6570 c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668
\n\t* \u5176\u4ed6\u7ea6\u5b9a\u9650\u5236\u5b50\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u53ef\u79fb\u690d\u6027
\n\t* \u7f3a\u70b9
\n\t\t* \u6162\u4e8e\u5176\u5b83\u7ea6\u5b9a
\n\t\t* \u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u591a\u5185\u5b58 <\/p>\n
#### 4.6.8 \u5728\u6c47\u7f16\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528c
\n* \u8bb0\u5f97 extern \u58f0\u660ec\u4e2d\u51fd\u6570
\n* c\u4e2d\u51fd\u6570\u9075\u5faac\u8c03\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u3002
\n\t* eax\u4e2d\u8fd4\u56de\u6574\u578b
\n\t* \u6700\u540e\u538b\u5165\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e3ac\u4e2d\u51fd\u6570\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570 <\/p>\n
### 4.8 \u53ef\u91cd\u5165\u548c\u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u7a0b\u5e8f
\n* \u53ef\u91cd\u5165
\n\t* \u8981\u6c42
\n\t\t* \u4e0d\u4fee\u6539\u4ee3\u7801\u6307\u4ee4\u3002\u4fdd\u62a4\u6a21\u5f0fcs\u4ec5\u53ea\u8bfb\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u6539
\n\t\t* \u4e0d\u4fee\u6539\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\uff08\u5982.data, .bss\u91cc\u7684\u6570\u636e )\u3002 \u4f7f\u7528\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf
\n\t* \u597d\u5904
\n\t\t* \u53ef\u9012\u5f52\u8c03\u7528
\n\t\t* \u53ef\u88ab\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5171\u4eab\u3002 \u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u4ec5\u4e00\u4efd\u4ee3\u7801\u5b58\u4e8e\u5185\u5b58(\u5171\u4eab\u5e93, dll\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u6837)
\n\t\t* \u53ef\u8fd0\u884c\u4e8e\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/p>\n
#### 4.8.1 \u9012\u5f52\u5b50\u7a0b\u5e8f
\n#### 4.8.2 \u56de\u987ec\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u50a8\u5b58\u7c7b\u578b
\n* global
\n\t* static\u65f6\u4ec5\u540c\u4e00\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee
\n* static
\n* automatic. \u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u7c7b\u578b
\n* register. \u8981\u6c42\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u5b58\u50a8(\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9075\u5faa)
\n\t* \u4ec5\u7b80\u5355\u6574\u5f62\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u3002\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4e0d\u53ef
\n\t* \u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e0d\u9075\u5faa(\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u65e0\u5730\u5740
\n\t* \u666e\u901a\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u53d8\u91cf\u5e38\u5e38\u81ea\u52a8\u8f6c\u6210\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u53d8\u91cf
\n* volatile. \u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a
\n\t* \u5982\u88ab\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4fee\u6539
\n\t* \u4e0d\u80fd\u505a\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f18\u5316\uff1a\u6682\u5b58\u53d8\u91cf\u4e8e\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u53d8\u91cf\u4ee3\u7801\u90e8\u5206\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668<\/p>\n
\t“`
\n x = 10;
\n y = 20;
\n z = x;
\n ; \u82e5x\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u578b\uff0c\u5219\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5c06z=10\uff0c\u4f46x\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4fee\u6539
\n “`<\/p>\n
## 5 \u6570\u7ec4
\n ### 5.1 \u4ecb\u7ecd
\n #### 5.1.1 \u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u7ec4
\n * .data .bss\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49<\/p>\n
\t“`
\n segment .data
\n \ta1 dd 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
\n a2 dw 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
\n a3 times 10 dw 0
\n ; a4\u4e2d\u542b200\u4e2a0\u548c100\u4e2a1
\n a4 times 200 db 0
\n times 100 db 1
\n segment .bss
\n a5 resd 10
\n a6 resw 100
\n “`<\/p>\n
* \u5806\u6808\u4e0a\u5b9a\u4e49<\/p>\n
“`
\n ; \u5b9a\u4e49 1x\u5b57\u7b26, 2x\u53cc\u5b57, 1x50x\u5b57 \u7684 \u6570\u7ec4
\n ; 1 + 2 x 4 + 1 x 50 x 2 = 109
\n ; \u5b9a\u4e49112\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aesp\u4ec5\u80fd\u51cf4\u7684\u500d\u6570 => \u53e6\u5b581x\u5b57\u7b26\u7684\u540e\u9762\u8ddf3xUnused, \u6765\u4fdd\u6301\u5728\u53cc\u5b57\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0a => \u52a0\u901f\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee
\n enter 112, 0
\n leave
\n “`<\/p>\n
#### 5.1.2 \u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20<\/p>\n
“`
\nsegment .data
\n\tarr1 db 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
\n arr2 dw 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
\nsegment .text
\n\tmov al, [arr1] ; al = arr1[0]
\n mov a1, [arr1 + 1] ; al = arr1[1]
\n mov [arr1 + 3], al ; arr1[3] = al
\n mov ax, [arr2]\t ; ax = arr2[0]
\n“`<\/p>\n
#### 5.1.3 \u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u95f4\u63a5\u5bfb\u5740\u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n
“`
\n; []\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709*\u53f7
\nmov eax, [eax + 4*eax + 4]
\n“`<\/p>\n
#### 5.1.4 \u591a\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4
\n##### \u4e8c\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4
\n* \u4f9d\u884c\u8868\u793a
\n* \u4f9d\u5217\u8868\u793a <\/p>\n
##### \u5927\u4e8e\u4e8c\u7ef4
\n* a[L][M][N]
\n\t* \u6309\u884c\uff1a &a[i][j][k] = a + i * M * N + j * N + k
\n\t\t* ->
\n\t* \u6309\u5217\uff1a &a[i][j][k] = a + k * L * M + j * L * i
\n\t\t* <- \n\n### 5.2 \u6570\u7ec4\/\u4f20\u5904\u7406\u6307\u4ee4\n* \u4e32\u5904\u7406\u6307\u4ee4\n\t* \u4f7f\u7528\u53d8\u5740\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668(esi, edi) \u5e76\u4f7f\u5176++\/--\n\t\t* df\u51b3\u5b9a++\/--\n\t\t* cld -> \u6e05\u65b9\u5411\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d, ++
\n\t\t* std -> \u7f6e\u65b9\u5411\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d, —<\/p>\n
#### 5.2.1 \u8bfb\u5199\u5185\u5b58
\n* \u540c\u65f6\u8bfb\u5199 b\/w\/d
\n* \u8bfb\u5199
\n\t* esi(source index)\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb
\n\t* edi(destination index)\u7528\u4e8e\u5199
\n* \u5305\u542b\u6570\u636e\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u56fa\u5b9a: al, ax, eax
\n* es -> \u9700\u8981\u5199\u7684\u6bb5\uff0c\u800c\u975eds .
\n\t* \u4fdd\u62a4\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u6bb5\uff0c es\u81ea\u52a8\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e3a\u5f15\u7528ds\uff08\u5373\u548cds\u4e00\u6837)
\n\t* \u5b9e\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b<\/p>\n
“`
\n mov ax, ds
\n mov es, ax
\n “`<\/p>\n
* \u4e32\u4e4b\u5b58\u53d6<\/p>\n
| \u547d\u4ee4 | \u4f5c\u7528 | | \u547d\u4ee4 | \u4f5c\u7528 |
\n| — | — | — | — | —|
\n| lodsb | al = [ds:esi]; esi +-= 1 | | stosb | [es:edi] = al; edi +-= 1 |
\n| lodsw | ax = [ds:esi]; esi +-= 2 | | stosw | [es:edi] = ax; edi +-= 2 |
\n| lodsd | eax = [ds:esi]; esi +-= 4 | | stowd |[es:edi] = eax; edi +-= 4 |
\n| movsb | byte [es:edi] = byte [ds:esi]; esi +-= 1; edi +-= 1 |
\n| movsw | word [es:edi] = word [ds:esi}; esi +-= 2; edi +-= 2|
\n| movsd | dword [es:edi] = dword [ds:esi]; esi +-= 4; edi +-= 4 |<\/p>\n
#### 5.2.2 rep
\n* 8086\u63d0\u4f9b
\n* \u662f\u524d\u7f00\u6307\u4ee4
\n\t* \u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u662f\u4e32\u5904\u7406\u6307\u4ee4\u524d\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5b57\u8282\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fee\u6539\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u884c\u4e3a
\n* \u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c\u4e0b\u6761\u4e32\u5904\u7406\u6307\u4ee4\u4e00\u5b9a\u6b21\u6570
\n\t* ecx\u6307\u5b9a\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3cloop\u65f6 <\/p>\n
#### 5.2.3 \u4e32\u6bd4\u8f83\u6307\u4ee4
\n* \u6bd4\u8f83
\n\t* \u5185\u5b58&&\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668
\n\t* \u5185\u5b58&&\u5185\u5b58
\n* \u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6eflags\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668
\n* \u6307\u4ee4\u95f4\u533a\u522b
\n\t* cmpsx \u6bd4\u8f83\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4
\n\t* scasx \u6839\u636e\u6307\u5b9a\u503c\u626b\u63cf\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4
\n* \u6307\u4ee4\u4eec<\/p>\n
| \u6307\u4ee4 | \u4f5c\u7528 | | \u6307\u4ee4 | \u4f5c\u7528 | | \u6307\u4ee4 | \u4f5c\u7528 |
\n| — | — |
\n| cmpsb | \u6bd4\u8f83[ds:esi], [es:edi]\uff0c\u5e76\u5408\u9002\u7684\u589e\u52a0esi, edi\u7684\u503c | | cmpsw | \u7c7b\u6bd4\u5de6 | | cmpsd | \u7c7b\u6bd4\u5de6 |
\n| scasb | \u6bd4\u8f83al, [es:edi],\u5e76\u5408\u9002\u589e\u52a0edi | | scasw | ax\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83 | | scasd | eax\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83 |<\/p>\n
#### 5.2.4 repx\u524d\u7f00\u6307\u4ee4
\n* \u6307\u4ee4\u4eec<\/p>\n
| \u6307\u4ee4 | \u4f5c\u7528 |
\n| — | — |
\n| repe, repz | zf=1 \/ \u91cd\u590d\u6b21\u6570<=ecx\u65f6\uff0c\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c |\n| repne, repnz | zf=0 \/ \u91cd\u590d\u6b21\u6570<=ecx\u65f6\uff0c\u91cd\u590d\u6267\u884c |\n\n## 6 \u6d6e\u70b9\n### 6.1 \u8868\u793a\n* \u6570\u5b66\u534f\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4f7f\u7528 \u6269\u5c55\u7cbe\u5ea6\n\n#### 1 ieee\u5355\u7cbe\u5ea6\n\n* 32bit\uff0c\u7cbe\u786e\u5230\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u540e\u4e03\u4f4d \n* 1.17x10^-35 ~ 3.4x10^35\n* sign bit(\u7b26\u53f7\u4f4d) [31], biased exponent(\u504f\u7f6e\u6307\u6570)[23, 30], fraction(\u5206\u6570)[0,22]\n * biased exponentk = \u771f\u5b9e\u6307\u6570 + 7f(=127) \n * \u504f\u7f6e\u6307\u6570\u603b\u975e\u8d1f \n * \u5206\u6570\u90e8\u5206\u4e0d\u542b\u96f6\u5934\u76841\n\n* \u975e\u89c4\u8303\u6570\n * \u5c0f\u4e8e 1x2^-126 \t\n * \u504f\u7f6e\u6307\u6570=0\n * \u5206\u6570\u90e8\u5206\u4e3a x2^-127, \u542b\u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u5de6\u8fb9\u76841\n* \u7279\u6b8a\u503c\u8868\u793a\n\n| e | f | \u8868\u793a |\n| -- | -- | -- |\n| 0 | 0 | 0(+-0) |\n| 0 | != 0 | \u975e\u89c4\u8303\u6570 |\n| ff | 0 | +-\u65e0\u7a77\u5927 | \n| ff | !=0 | NaN(Not a number)\uff0c \u4e0d\u53ef\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u7ed3\u679c |\n\n\n#### 2 ieee\u53cc\u7cbe\u5ea6\n* 64bit, \u5c0f\u6570\u70b9\u540e15\u4f4d\n* s [63], e[52, 62], f[0, 51]\n* \u504f\u7f6e\u6307\u6570 = \u771f\u5b9e\u6307\u6570 + 3ff(1023)\n* 10^-308 ~ 10^308\n* \u7279\u6b8a\u503c\n\t* \u65e0\u7a77\u6570 \u548c NaN, \u504f\u7f6e\u6307\u6570\u4e3a7FF \n* \u975e\u89c4\u8303\u6570\n\t* \u7528x2^-1023 \n\n\n### 6.2 \u6d6e\u70b9\u8fd0\u7b97\n\n* \u52a0\u51cf \n\t* \u79fb\u52a8 \u6307\u6570\u5c0f\u7684 \u6570 \u7684 \u6709\u6548\u4f4d -> \u4f7f\u6307\u6570\u76f8\u7b49
\n* \u4e58\u9664
\n\t* \u6709\u6548\u6570\u76f8\u4e58\uff0c \u6307\u6570\u76f8\u52a0
\n\t* \u7ed3\u679c\u56db\u820d\u4e94\u5165\u6210\u6240\u9700\u6709\u6548\u4f4d
\n* \u6bd4\u8f83
\n\t* \u7ed3\u679c\u5e76\u4e0d\u7cbe\u786e
\n\t\t* \u5982\u60f3\u8981\u6bd4\u8f830\u65f6\uff0c \u5e94\u6539\u4e3a\u4e0e\u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\u7684\u6b63\u6570\u6bd4\u8f83 <\/p>\n
### 6.3 \u6570\u5b57\u534f\u5904\u7406\u5668
\n* 8\u4e2a\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668
\n\t* 80bit\uff0c \u4e3a\u6269\u5c55\u7cbe\u5ea6
\n\t* st0, st1, st2, …, st7
\n* 1\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668
\n\t* \u7528\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\u76844\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7\u4f4d: C0, C1, C2, C3
\n* \u6d6e\u70b9\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u5806\u6808\u6765\u7ba1\u7406
\n\t* st0\u603b\u662f\u6307\u5411\u6808\u9876\u7684\u503c\uff08\u5373\u65b0\u538b\u5165\u7684\u503c <\/p>\n
#### \u6307\u4ee4
\n* \u534f\u5904\u7406\u5668\u52a9\u8bcd\u7b26\u4ee5f\u5f00\u5934
\n* \u6307\u4ee4\u4eec<\/p>\n
##### 1 \u589e\u5220\u6539
\n###### 1.1 \u5185\u5b58 -> \u6808<\/p>\n
| \u6307\u4ee4 | \u4f5c\u7528 |
\n| — | — |
\n| fld source | \u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u5230\u6808\u9876\uff0c source->\u5355\/\u53cc\/\u6269\u5c55\u7cbe\u5ea6\u6570 \/ \u534f\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 |
\n| fild | \u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u6574\u578b\u6570\uff08\u63a5\u7740\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\uff09\u5230\u6808\u9876\u3002 source-> w\/d\/q |
\n| fld1 | 1->\u6808\u9876 |
\n| fldz | 0->\u6808\u9876 |<\/p>\n
###### 1.2 \u6808 -> \u5185\u5b58<\/p>\n
| \u6307\u4ee4 | \u4f5c\u7528 |
\n| — | — |
\n| fst dest | st0 -> \u5185\u5b58\u3002 dest->\u5355\/\u53cc\u7cbe\u5ea6\u6570 \/ \u534f\u5904\u7406\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 |
\n| fstp dest | fst dest\u540e\uff0cpop\u51fast0 |
\n| fist dest | st0 -> \u6574\u578b -> \u5185\u5b58\u3002 dest -> w, dword | fistp dest | fist dest\u540e\uff0c pop\u51fast0, dest\u53ef\u4ee5\u662fqword |<\/p>\n
* \u6d6e\u70b9\u6570 -> \u6574\u578b
\n\t* \u9ed8\u8ba4\u56db\u820d\u4e94\u5165
\n\t* fstcw(store control word, \u50a8\u5b58\u63a7\u5236\u5b57)
\n\t* fldcw(load conrol word, \u5bfc\u5165\u63a7\u5236\u5b57) <\/p>\n
###### 1.3 \u5806\u6808\u81ea\u8eab\u64cd\u4f5c
\n* FXCH STn
\n\t* st0 <-> stn, n\u4e3a[1,7]
\n* FFREE STn
\n\t* \u91ca\u653e\u5806\u6808\u4e2d\u7684\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff08<-\u6807\u8bb0\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 unused\/\u7a7a \n\n##### 2 \u52a0\u4e58 \u51cf\u9664\u8fd0\u7b97\n* \u8ba1\u7b97st0 +- \u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\n* \u7ed3\u679c\u5b58\u4e8e\u534f\u5904\u7406\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\n* \u52a0\u548c\u4e58\n\n| \u6307\u4ee4 | \u4f5c\u7528 | | \u6307\u4ee4 | \u4f5c\u7528 |\n| --- | --- |\n| fadd src | st0 += src, src -> register, mem float\/double | | faddp src | fadd src\u540epop, \u53c2\u6570\u53ea\u80fd\u662fregister |
\n| fadd dest(<- reg), st0 | dest += st0 | | faddp dest, st0 | fadd dest, st0\u540epop |\n| fiadd src | st0 += (float) src, src->mem w\/d |<\/p>\n
\u5c06add\u6539\u4e3amul\u5373\u4e3a\u4e58\u6cd5\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u89c4\u5219\u76f8\u540c<\/p>\n
* \u51cf\u548c\u9664
\n\t* fsub
\n\t\t* fsub (st0, )src
\n\t\t\t* st0 = st0 – src
\n\t\t\t* \u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u65f6src\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f(mem float\/double)\uff0c\uff08\u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u65f6src\u53ea\u80fd\u662fst0)
\n\t\t\t* fsubr (st0,) src\u4e2d st0 = src – st0
\n * fsubp
\n \t* fsubp dest(, st0)
\n \t\t* dest = dest – st0
\n \t\t* pop
\n \t\t* \u53c2\u6570\u53ea\u80fd\u662fregister
\n \t\t* fsubrp dest(, st0) \u4e2d dest = st0 – dest
\n * fisub src
\n \t* st0 = st0 – (float)src
\n \t* src -> mem w\/d
\n \t* fisubr src\u4e2d st0 = (float)src – st0<\/p>\n
\tsub\u6539\u4e3adiv\u5373\u4e3a\u9664\u6cd5\u7684\uff0c\u89c4\u5219\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u9664\u6cd5\u65b0\u589efidivr<\/p>\n
##### 3 \u6bd4\u8f83
\n* \u52a0\u51cf\u4e58\u9664\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\u5219\u53c2\u6570->register, mem float\/double, \u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\u90fd\u53ea\u80fd\u662fregister\u3002\u4f46fi\u5f00\u5934\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u53ea\u80fd\u662fmem w\/d
\n* fcom src
\n\t* st0, src
\n\t* src -> register, mem float\/double
\n\t* fcomp src\u5728fcom src\u540epop
\n* fcompp
\n\t* \u6bd4\u8f83st0, st1, \u63a5\u7740pop() x 2
\n* ficom src
\n\t* st0, (float) src
\n\t* src \u53ef\u662f mem w\/d
\n\t* ficomp src \u5728 ficom src\u540epop
\n* ftst
\n\t* \u6bd4\u8f83st0, 0
\n* \u72b6\u6001\u5b57 -> flags
\n\t* fstsw dest
\n\t\t* \u72b6\u6001\u5b57 -> (mem word)\/ax
\n\t* sahf
\n\t\t* ah -> flags
\n\t\t* \u63a5\u7740jxx\u7c7b\u4f3c\u65e0\u7b26\u53f7\u7684
\n\t* lahf
\n\t\t* flags -> ah
\n* Pentium\u5904\u7406\u5668\u6240\u652f\u6301
\n\t* fcomi(p) src
\n\t\t* \u6bd4\u8f83st0, src
\n\t\t* src -> register<\/p>\n
##### 4 \u6742\u9879\u6307\u4ee4
\n* fchs
\n\t* st0 * = -1
\n* fabs
\n\t* st0 = |st0|
\n* fsqrt
\n\t* st0 = st0^1\/2
\n* fscale :
\n\t* st0 = st0x2^Lst1J<\/p>\n
### 6.4 \u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n
“`
\n; \u4e0d\u8981\u60f3\u7740\u7528\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u53bb\u66ff\u6362\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c
\n; \u8c03\u7528\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8eax, ecx, edx\u7684\u503c\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u8c03\u7528\u7ea6\u5b9a\u4e0d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u7684\u503c\u4e0d\u53d8), \u4e0d\u8981\u60f3\u7740\u7528\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\u6765\u5f53\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684
\n%define \u53c2\u65701 ebp+8 ;\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b50\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570
\n%define \u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf1 ebp-4; \u5b9a\u4e49\u5b50\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc-\u7684\u503c\u7b49\u4e8e \u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf1\u7684\u5927\u5c0f
\n%define a qword [ebp+8]
\n; %define\u53ea\u662f\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6c42\u503c
\nsegment .data
\n; \u8fd9\u91cc\u53ef\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b50\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u5e38\u91cf\uff0c\u59824<\/p>\n
; |\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5730\u5740\u662f ebp-\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u957f\u5ea6-\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u957f\u5ea6 | \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6700\u5de6\u8fb9\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff08\u5373\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u5730\u5740\uff09\u662febp-\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u957f\u5ea6|\u6700\u5de6\u8fb9\u8fd9\u91cc\u662febp\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u957fdword\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u5b58\u7684 \u503c\u662f\u8c03\u7528\u8005\u7684ebp |dword\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u5730\u5740(=ebp+4),\u8fd9\u91cc\u957fdowrd|\u8fd9\u91cc\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e86\u53c2\u6570\u4e00(\u5730\u5740=ebp+8)<\/p>\n
; \u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u7a7a\u884c\u5206\u9694\u5f00\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\u4eec\uff0c \u5e94\u8be5\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\u7684eax, ecx, edx<\/p>\n
; \u53c2\u6570\u662f\u6307\u9488\u65f6, \u8981
\n; mov eax, [ebp + 8] ; \u8fd0\u884c\u4e4b\u540eeax\u4e3a\u6307\u9488,
\n; mov dword [eax], 4<\/p>\n
“`<\/p>\n
## 7 \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u4e0ec++
\n### 7.1 \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53
\n#### 7.1.1 \u7b80\u4ecb
\n##### \u6c47\u7f16\u65f6
\n* \u8981\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u8d77\u59cb\u5730\u5740
\n* \u8981\u5143\u7d20\u76f8\u5bf9\u504f\u79fb\u5730\u5740
\n\t* \u504f\u79fb\u5730\u5740\u4e0d\u53ef\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u8981\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u8d4b\u503c
\n\t* \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u504f\u79fb\u5730\u5740\u4e3a0
\n\t* \u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0estruct\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u76f8\u540c <\/p>\n
#### 7.1.2 \u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u5bf9\u9f50
\n* \u8bb8\u591a\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668
\n\t* \u53d8\u91cf\u5bf9\u9f50\u5728dword\u4e0a
\n\t\t* 32\u4f4d\u4fdd\u62a4\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\uff0cdword\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u8bfb\u53d6\u5185\u5b58
\n\t* c\u4e4b\u5bf9\u9f50
\n\t\t* gcc <\/p>\n
“`
\n \/\/ gcc:
\n typedef short int unaligned_int __attribute__ ((aligned(1)))
\n \/*
\n \u5219 unaligned_int\u4e3a\u5b57\u8282\u5bf9\u9f50
\n aligned()\u7684\u62ec\u53f7\u91cc\u4e3a2^n
\n double\u9ed8\u8ba4dword\u5bf9\u9f50
\n *\/<\/p>\n
\/\/ gcc; \u538b\u7f29\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53
\n struct s {
\n int x
\n } __attribute__ ((packed))<\/p>\n
“`<\/p>\n
\t\t* microsoft, borland<\/p>\n
\t\t“`
\n \/\/ #pragme
\n #pragme pack(push) \/\/ \u4fdd\u5b58\u5bf9\u9f50\u65b9\u5f0f\u72b6\u6001\u5b57
\n #pragma pack(1) \/\/ 1\/2\/4\/8\/16
\n struct S {<\/p>\n
}
\n #pragme pack(pop) \/\/\u6062\u590d\u539f\u59cb\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u65b9\u5f0f
\n “`<\/p>\n
#### 7.1.3 \u4f4d\u57dfs
\n* \u4f4d\u57df => \u6307\u5b9a \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u5927\u5c0f(\u5355\u4f4d\u4e3abit(\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f8\u7684\u500d\u6570))
\n* \u786c\u4ef6\u8bbe\u5907\u63a5\u53e3\u5e38\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u5947\u6570\u7684bit
\n* \u8981\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u4f4d\u57df<\/p>\n
“`
\nstruct s {
\n\tunsigned f1 : 3; \/\/ 3\u4e2a\u4f4d\u57df\u540d
\n unsigned f2 : 10;
\n unsigned f3 : 11;
\n unsigned f4 : 8;
\n}
\n\/\/ \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u57df\u5728dword\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u6709\u6548\u4f4d
\n\/\/ f4, f3, f2, f1
\n“`<\/p>\n
#### 7.1.4 \u6c47\u7f16\u4e4b\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53
\n* \u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u505a\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\u4f20\u9012\u6307\u9488
\n* \u8981\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u505a\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u5c06\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u6307\u9488\u653e\u5728\u53c2\u6570\u91cc
\n* \u5927\u591a\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u652f\u6301\u6c47\u7f16\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53<\/p>\n
### 7.2 \u6c47\u7f16\u4e4bc\u8279
\n* \u8bb8\u591a c&&asm\u63a5\u53e3\u89c4\u5219 \u9002\u7528\u4e8e c++<\/p>\n
#### 7.2.1 \u91cd\u8f7d\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u540d\u5b57\u6539\u7f16
\n* c\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u91cd\u8f7d\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4f46c\u8279\u53ef
\n\t* \u51fd\u6570\u7b7e\u540d <- \u53c2\u6570\u987a\u5e8f\/\u7c7b\u578b\n\t\t* int\u53c2\u6570 -> \u51fd\u6570\u7b7e\u540d\u672b\u5c3e\u6709i
\n\t\t* double\u53c2\u6570 -> \u51fd\u6570\u7b7e\u540d\u672b\u5c3e\u6709d
\n\t\t* \u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u7b7e\u540d<- \u53d8\u91cf\u7c7b\u578b\n\t\t* void f(int x, int y, double z)\n\t\t\t* djgpp-> _f__Fiid
\n\t\t\t* borland-> @f$qiid
\n\t\t* <- c\u8279\u4e4b\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u8fde\u63a5(c\u65e0\u6b64)\n\t\t\t* \u4e0d\u540c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7f16\u8bd1\u7684c\u8279\u4ee3\u7801\u6216\u8bb8\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\n\t\t\t* \u5199c\u8279\u4e4b\u6c47\u7f16\u65f6\uff0c\u987b\u77e5c\u8279\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u6539\u7f16\u89c4\u5219(\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u5b83\u6280\u672f)\n\t* djgpp: \n\t\t* _f__Fi <- f(int)\n\t\t* _f__Fd <- f(double)\n\n\t* borland c\u8279\n\t\t* @f$qi\n\t\t* @f$qd \n\n* c\u8279\u8c03\u7528 c&&c\u4e4basm\n\t* extern \"C\" \n\t\t* \u51fd\u6570\/\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf \u4f7f\u7528c\u94fe\u63a5 <=> \u6307\u5b9a \u51fd\u6570\/\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf \u4e3ac\u6807\u51c6\u7ea6\u5b9a
\n\t* \u4e5f\u652f\u6301 \u5168\u5c40\u4ee3\u7801\u5757<\/p>\n
\t“`
\n \textern “C” {
\n \t\/* c\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u539f\u578b
\n }
\n “`<\/p>\n
\t* c\u8279\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b8f__cplusplus
\n \t\t* \u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa \u4f7fas\u80fd\u88abc\/c\u8279\u4f7f\u7528 \u7684\u5934\u6587\u4ef6 <\/p>\n
#### 7.2.2 \u5f15\u7528
\n* c\u8279\u4e4b\u7279\u6027
\n* -> \u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570\u7ed9\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5 \u770b\u8d77\u6765\u6ca1\u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u9488<\/p>\n
#### 7.2.3 \u5185\u8054\u51fd\u6570
\n* c\u8279\u4e4b\u7279\u6027
\n* \u5b8f\u4e4b\u4f7f\u7528 -> \u51cf\u5c11 \u8c03\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u51fd\u6570\u7684 \u65f6\u95f4\u5f00\u652f
\n* \u5e76\u4e0dcall\uff0c \u76f4\u63a5\u63d2\u5165\u8fd9\u6bb5asm\u4ee3\u7801
\n\t* \u5185\u8054\u51fd\u6570\u4ee3\u7801\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u4e4b\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6
\n\t* \u975e\u5185\u8054\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u539f\u578b\u4e0d\u53d8\u5219\u901a\u5e38\u65e0\u9700\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u8bd1
\n\t* => \u5185\u8054\u51fd\u6570\u5e38\u7f6e\u4e8e\u5934\u6587\u4ef6
\n\t\t* \u8fdd\u53cdc\u5934\u4e4b\u51c6\u5219\uff1a\u4e0d\u653e\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u8bed\u53e5 <\/p>\n
#### 7.2.4 \u7c7b
\n* \u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u542b \u9690\u85cf\u53c2\u6570->\u6307\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u6307\u9488\u3002\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570(<- [ebp+8])\n* \u6210\u5458\u51fd\u6570\u7b7e\u540d <- \u7c7b\u540d\n* \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u6210\u5458\u5730\u5740 = \u7c7b\u7684\u5730\u5740\n* djgpp, gcc, borland\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6-s\u4ea7\u751f\u6c47\u7f16\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6\n\t* gjgpp,gcc\u65f6\uff0casm\u6269\u5c55\u540d .s -> AT&T\u8bed\u6cd5
\n\t* borland, ms\u65f6\uff0casm\u6269\u5c55\u540d .asm -> masm\u8bed\u6cd5<\/p>\n
#### 7.2.5 \u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u591a\u6001
\n* \u4ee5\u4e0b\u591a\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u662fmicrosoft, borland, windows\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u591a\u6001\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u800c\u975egcc
\n* \u542bvirtual \u6210\u5458\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7c7b\u6709 vtable\u6307\u9488->\u6307\u5411array(\u6210\u5458\u65b9\u6cd5)
\n\t* vtable\u662f\u7c7b\u4e4b\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5b58\u4e8e\u7c7b\u800c\u975e\u5b58\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u7c7b\u4f3cstatic\u6210\u5458)
\n\t* \u7ee7\u627f\u6765\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5730\u5740 \u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u548c\u7236\u7c7b\u4e2d \u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u672a\u91cd\u8f7d\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6 \u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684
\n\t* \u53ef \u4ecevtable\u8bfb\u5730\u5740 \u6765\u8c03\u7528\u865a\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n
“`
\n; \u665a\u7ed1\u5b9a(late binding)\u3002\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u51b3\u5b9a\u8c03\u7528\u54ea\u4e2a
\n; \u5bf9\u5e94\u65e9\u7ed1\u5b9a(early binding)
\ncall dword [edx] ; edx\u91cc\u5b58\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u5730\u5740
\n“`<\/p>\n
* microsoft \u5bf9c\u8279\u7c7b\u6210\u5458\u65b9\u6cd5 \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u6807\u51c6c\u8c03\u7528\u7ea6\u5b9a
\n\t* \u6b64\u7ea6\u5b9a \u5c06 \u5bf9\u8c61\u6307\u9488\u5b58\u4e8eecx, \u800c\u975e\u7528\u5806\u6808
\n\t* borland\u4e0d\u662fmicrosoft\u8fd9\u6837<\/p>\n
#### 7.2.6 c\u8279\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7279\u6027<\/p>\n
## 8 \u4e4b\u540e
\n* cli && sti
\n\t* cli\u5c4f\u853d\u4e2d\u65ad\uff0csti\u6062\u590d\u4e2d\u65ad
\n\t* \u7528\u4e8e\u6539\u53d8ss:sp\u65f6
\n\t\t* \u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u53bb\u6267\u884c\u4e2d\u65ad\u524d\u5c06[\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6761\u6307\u4ee4\u5730\u5740\u7b49]\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230ss:sp\u5904
\n\t* sp\u6307\u793a\u504f\u79fb<\/p>\n
* out && in
\n\t* \u8fd8\u6709inb outb
\n\t* in->\u4ece\u7aef\u53e3\u8bfb, out->\u5199\u5230\u7aef\u53e3<\/p>\n
\t“`
\n ; \u4ece21H\u7aef\u53e3\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e00\u5b57\u8282\u5230al
\n in al, 21H<\/p>\n
; \u5c06al\u7684\u503c\u5199\u5165\u523021H\u7aef\u53e3
\n out 21H, al
\n “`<\/p>\n
* x86\/x86_64 \u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668 4\u4e2a
\n\t* GDTR:Global Descriptor Table Register
\n\t\t* \u4fdd\u5b58 GDT \u7684 \u57fa\u5740(<-\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u5730\u5740) \u548c \u8868\u9650(<-\u8868\u7684\u5927\u5c0f) \n\t* LDTR:Load Descriptor Table Register\n\t* IDTR:Interrupt Descriptor Table Register\n\t\t* lidt\u6307\u4ee4 -> \u8bbe\u7f6e IDTR\u7684\u503c
\n\t\t* sidt -> \u4fdd\u5b58 IDTR\u7684\u503c
\n\t* TR:Task Register<\/p>\n
###### \u63a7\u5236\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668
\n* \u529f\u7528\u8bf4\u660e
\n\t* \u63a7\u5236cpu\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u6027
\n\t* \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406
\n\t* \u865a\u62df\u5185\u5b58\u7ba1\u7406
\n* cr0
\n\t* 0\u4f4d -> pe(protedted enable)(\u4fdd\u62a4\u5141\u8bb8\u4f4d)
\n\t\t* \u7528\u4e8e\u542f\u52a8\u4fdd\u62a4\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08<- \u4e3a1\u65f6\uff09 \n\t* 2 -> em(emulate coprocessor)\uff08\u6a21\u62df\u534f\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4f4d\uff09
\n\t\t* em=1 -> \u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u534f\u5904\u7406\u5668
\n\t* 4 -> et(processor extension type)(\u5fae\u5904\u7406\u5668\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u7c7b\u578b\u4f4d)
\n\t\t* et=0 -> 287\u534f\u5904\u7406\u5668
\n\t\t* et=1 -> 387\u6d6e\u70b9\u534f\u5904\u7406\u5668
\n\t* 16 -> \u5199\u4fdd\u62a4\u4f4d(wp)
\n\t\t* wp=0 -> \u7981\u7528\u5199\u4fdd\u62a4
\n\t* 31 -> \u5206\u9875\u5141\u8bb8\u4f4d\uff08paging enable\uff09<\/p>\n
* cr1 \u672a\u5b9a\u4e49
\n* cr2 \u9875\u6545\u969c\u7ebf\u6027\u5730\u5740\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668
\n\t* \u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u9875\u6545\u969c\u7684\u516832\u4f4d\u7ebf\u6027\u5730\u5740
\n* cr3 \u9875\u76ee\u5f55\u57fa\u5740\u5bc4\u5b58\u5668
\n\t* \u5b58\u50a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u4e2apage directory\u3002
\n* cr4 Pentium\u7cfb\u5217\uff08486\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\uff09
\n\t* \u4f55\u65f6\u542f\u7528\u865a\u62df8086\u7b49 <\/p>\n
##### \u7acb\u5373\u6570
\n* \u7acb\u5373\u6570 = 8\u4f4d\u5e38\u6570 \u5faa\u73af\u53f3\u79fb\u5076\u6570\u4f4d<\/p>\n
##### other<\/p>\n
* .spcace
\n\t* .space size(, fill=0)
\n\t* \u4fdd\u7559size\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b57\u8282\u4e3afill <\/p>\n
“`
\n .space SIZE
\n .global spacetop<\/p>\n
\/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\uff1a
\nmov $(spacetop), %eax
\n“`<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
## 1 \u57fa\u7840 ### 1.1 \u57fa\u672c\u6307\u4ee4 ##### mov dest, src “` mov e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1372","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bloo.heing.fun\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1372","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bloo.heing.fun\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bloo.heing.fun\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bloo.heing.fun\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bloo.heing.fun\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1372"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/bloo.heing.fun\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1372\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1474,"href":"https:\/\/bloo.heing.fun\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1372\/revisions\/1474"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bloo.heing.fun\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1372"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bloo.heing.fun\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1372"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bloo.heing.fun\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1372"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}